One of the first systematic analyses of how carbon constraints alter traditional inventory decisions was presented by Benjaafar et al.~\cite{ref6}, who demonstrated that modest emission reductions are frequently possible at minimal cost through optimized order quantities and timing. After surveying eco-responsible inventory frameworks, Bonney and Jaber~\cite{ref7} determined the structural changes required when internalizing environmental costs. In a more recent study, Bazan et al.~\cite{ref8} looked at closed-loop supply chains that are subject to carbon pricing. They showed that emission-trading schemes can realign the economic calculus of remanufacturing so that financial and environmental goals align.

Benjaafar et al. conducted one of the earliest comprehensive studies examining how carbon limitations affect conventional inventory management decisions. Their research revealed that companies can often achieve moderate emission cuts with minimal expense by adjusting order quantities and scheduling practices. Following their review of environmentally conscious inventory systems, Bonney and Jaber identified the organizational modifications necessary when companies incorporate environmental expenses into their operations. More recently, Bazan et al. investigated closed-loop supply chains operating under carbon pricing mechanisms. Their findings indicated that emissions trading programs can restructure the financial incentives of remanufacturing processes, creating alignment between profit objectives and environmental benefits.