5.1. Main Findings This study developed a structured analytical framework to evaluate the feasibility and performance of mobile air quality monitoring systems in comparison with con-ventional fixed stations in the context of Mohammedia. The objective was not to conduct experimental measurements but to integrate spatial coverage modeling, uncertainty correction concepts, and life-cycle cost analysis into a unified decision-support frame-work. The results indicate that fixed stations provide high reference-grade accuracy (±1–2%) and long-term temporal stability, making them essential for regulatory monitoring and trend analysis. However, their limited spatial representativeness and high instal-lation and maintenance costs restrict their effectiveness in rapidly evolving urban en-vironments. In contrast, mobile monitoring units may theoretically achieve significantly greater spatial coverage—up to 30% of the urban area under defined operational assumptions. Although mobile sensors initially exhibit higher uncertainty (approximately ±15%), the proposed dynamic correction framework suggests that this uncertainty could be re-duced to approximately ±8%. Additionally, the life-cycle cost assessment indicates that a mobile-based configuration may represent only 30–50% of the long-term investment required for an equivalent fixed-station network. Mobile systems also offer rapid de-ployment capability (2–4 hours) and improved hotspot detection potential. 5.2. Practical Implications For medium-sized industrial cities characterized by heterogeneous pollution sources and financial constraints, such as Mohammedia, a mobile-enhanced or hybrid monitoring strategy may provide improved spatial representativeness while main-taining acceptable measurement reliability. The integration of mobile units into public transport networks or municipal fleets could enhance flexibility, reduce infrastructure requirements, and support adaptive environmental management. Rather than replacing fixed stations, mobile systems should be viewed as complementary tools that increase spatial resolution and respon-siveness to dynamic urban conditions.

5.1. Main Findings This research created a comprehensive analytical framework to assess how well mobile air quality monitoring systems work compared to traditional fixed monitoring stations, specifically in Mohammedia. Rather than performing actual field measurements, the study combined spatial coverage modeling, uncertainty correction methods, and life-cycle cost analysis into a single framework for making informed decisions. The findings show that fixed stations deliver excellent reference-quality accuracy (within ±1-2%) and maintain consistent performance over time, which makes them crucial for regulatory compliance monitoring and analyzing long-term trends. Yet their ability to represent conditions across wider areas is limited, and the high costs of installation and ongoing maintenance reduce their practical value in fast-changing urban settings. Mobile monitoring systems, on the other hand, could potentially cover much more ground - up to 30% of urban areas based on specific operational conditions. While mobile sensors start with greater measurement uncertainty (around ±15%), the study's proposed dynamic correction approach suggests this could be brought down to roughly ±8%. The cost analysis also reveals that mobile-based systems might require only 30-50% of the long-term investment needed for comparable fixed-station networks. Mobile systems can be deployed quickly (within 2-4 hours) and show better potential for identifying pollution hotspots. 5.2. Practical Implications For mid-sized industrial cities like Mohammedia that face diverse pollution sources and budget limitations, using mobile systems to enhance or work alongside traditional monitoring could deliver better spatial coverage while keeping measurement quality at acceptable levels. Installing mobile units on public transportation or city vehicle fleets would increase operational flexibility, reduce infrastructure needs, and support more responsive environmental management approaches. Mobile systems shouldn't be seen as replacements for fixed stations, but rather as additional tools that improve spatial detail and help monitoring programs adapt to changing urban conditions.