The comparative evaluation of monitoring strategies highlights a clear trade-off be-tween measurement accuracy, spatial coverage, operational flexibility, and economic efficiency. Fixed monitoring stations provide highly reliable and continuous measure-ments due to the use of reference-grade analyzers operating under controlled environ-mental conditions. However, their spatial representativeness remains limited and their installation and maintenance costs are relatively high. In contrast, mobile monitoring systems offer significantly wider spatial coverage, greater operational flexibility, and substantially lower deployment costs. Although mobile stations exhibit higher meas-urement uncertainty due to dynamic operational conditions, their ability to detect lo-calized pollution hotspots and rapidly adapt monitoring routes makes them a valuable complement to fixed monitoring networks. In the specific context of Mohammedia, these results suggest that combining fixed and mobile monitoring systems may provide a more balanced and efficient strategy for urban air quality monitoring, integrating the metrological reliability of fixed stations with the spatial representativeness of mobile platforms.

When comparing different monitoring approaches, there's an obvious balance between how accurate measurements are, how much area they can cover, how flexibly they can operate, and how cost-effective they prove to be. Stationary monitoring stations deliver very dependable and ongoing measurements because they use high-quality reference analyzers that work in stable, controlled settings. Yet these stations can only represent limited areas and require significant investment for both setup and ongoing upkeep. Mobile monitoring systems, on the other hand, can cover much broader areas, adapt more easily to changing needs, and cost far less to put into service. While mobile units tend to have less precise measurements because they operate in constantly changing conditions, they excel at finding specific pollution problem areas and can quickly change their monitoring paths when needed. This makes them an excellent addition to networks of fixed stations. For a city like Mohammedia specifically, these findings indicate that using both fixed and mobile monitoring systems together could create a more effective and well-rounded approach to tracking urban air quality. This combination would merge the measurement reliability that fixed stations provide with the broader area coverage that mobile units can achieve.